An abbreviation of ‘informatisation-industrialisation integration’ 信息化和工业化的融合, 2i integration is key to optimising manufacturing chains, promoting industrial internet, and smart manufacturing. The 16th Party Congress called for informatisation to drive industrialisation in 2002. Policies announced after 2013, such as Made in China 2025, internet+, the New Normal and the New Era shifted the emphasis towards IT. 2i integration is guided by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部, whose name translates literally as the ‘Ministry of Industry and Informatisation’.