Unlike the mass university expansion of 1999, when admissions doubled within a single year, the 2025 initiative is measured and selective, focused on ‘double first-class’ institutions and disciplines aligned with PRC strategic industries.
As the traditional GDP-fuelled model’s marginal returns weaken, Beijing is addressing its constraints by shifting to investing in health and careers across education, employment, healthcare, social security, and other livelihood sectors.
Beijing recognises that a new global economic paradigm must take shape, with trade running both ways. ‘Expand international circulation’ is a priority under commerce in the 15th 5-year plan proposal.