Literally 'all under heaven', it referred in traditional times to the sway of the Chinese emperor. As the focus of responsibility of the political elite, the term carried a strong moral colouring. Tianxia is something to be 'won', originally by arms (as shown in video games), but latterly by integrity (in corporate advertising). Lacking formal boundaries, tianxia may take in the known world. In current foreign policy debates, it means a projected global order that, unlike the system of nation-states, conforms to Chinese values, and in nationalist interpretations is amenable to Chinese interests.