A major policy orientation of the Hu-Wen administration (2002-12), 'social harmony' 和谐社会 was meant to overcome the Mao-era emphasis on class struggle. As internal security agencies and ‘stability maintenance’ rose with Legal Affairs Committee director Zhou Yongkang 周永康, a wide range of phenomena were deemed harmful to social harmony; repressing them was ironically called 'harmonising'. Smallholder shops in Beijing were thus 'harmonised' when they were removed from downtown areas.