Following drug price reform, only two receipts may be issued by pharma supply chains: (1) from production to distribution; (2) from distribution to retail. Pilots were launched in Guangdong, Sichuan and Fujian in 2013; premier Li Keqiang proposed a national-level system in his 2016 health reform goals. Designed to cut drug prices by increasing transparency (and eliminating unnecessary middlemen whose transactions add receipts at every stage), it will likely drive most small producers or on-sellers out of the market, and consolidate the pharma industry toward existing large firms.