Over one in a hundred PRC citizens has no household registration, mostly those born outside the one-child policy whose families have not paid the penalty. Literally translated as 'black household', they have no ID card so cannot access even the most basic public services, such as education, and are subject to heavy social stigma. Plans to make resolving the issue a top priority were announced by the Ministry of Public Security in November 2015 following the introduction of the two-child policy.