context: The second China–Central Asia Summit was held in Astana, Kazakhstan 16–18 June, and was claimed to be a milestone in regional cooperation. Xi Jinping 习近平 arrived in Kazakhstan on 16 June for the three-day summit. 55 cooperation texts and 31 initiatives were signed, contrasting with the G7 summit's lack of concrete outcomes. An authority from Lanzhou University's Belt and Road Initiative Research Centre was interviewed by Shanghai's Guanchazhe Nework.
key infrastructure development
The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway project is a breakthrough in regional connectivity. Construction began in earnest this year with key tunnel projects in Kyrgyzstan, including the Ferghana Mountain, Nalun No.1 and Koshtbo tunnels. Technical challenges have been largely resolved, claims Zhu Yongbiao, though public concern about environmental impact persists. The railway aims to complement the 'middle corridor' trans-Caspian transport network rather than compete with it.
energy and green cooperation
New energy cooperation has evolved into full industry chain collaboration, moving beyond traditional hydropower to include photovoltaic, wind power and related tech. PRC firms are investing and establishing factories in Central Asia, creating complementary cooperation in auto and irrigation tech. Enhancing energy security for Central Asia aligns with PRC energy strategies.
'small and beautiful' projects
The BRI has shifted towards more 'small and beautiful' livelihood projects alongside large infrastructure investments. These market-oriented initiatives, often led by Chinese SMEs, address employment issues and increase export opportunities in Central Asia. Examples include solar-powered irrigation equipment and cultural-educational projects that directly benefit local populations.
regional geopolitics and autonomy
Central Asian states maintain diverse and balanced diplomacy whilst prioritising relationships with neighbouring countries like Russia and the PRC. They strongly oppose foreign interference in internal affairs and avoid leaning towards any single power to preserve independence. The region's autonomy has strengthened gradually since independence, with the Russia–Ukraine conflict potentially accelerating this trend.
strategic significance
PRC–Kazakhstan cooperation includes major agreements worth some US$25 bn, including joint uranium exploration in the Ili Basin. Displaying strategic mutual trust, this enhances Kazakhstan's mineral development capabilities whilse supporting PRC energy security.
The summit's success, contrasted with the G7's limited achievements, showcases how the PRC and Central Asia are injecting stability into the international economic situation through pragmatic, long-term cooperation focused on sustainable development and mutual benefit.