PRC airlines carried 660 million passengers in 2019 before the pandemic, some 20 percent of the global total. Moving to become the largest aviation market, it faces twin challenges: scaling up domestic aircraft manufacturing and reducing emissions.
A prime vector of uncertainty, the US election and prospects of Washington’s China strategy after 5 November, are generating endless commentary and op-eds from the PRC media and geopolitics community.
Emerging in 2018, ‘institutional opening’ zhìdùxíng kāifàng 制度型开放 has risen as a trade and development priority. Now a constant at high-level conclaves such as the annual Two Sessions and the 2024 Third Plenum, the framework has more layers than meet the eye. Given mounting geopolitical and trade friction, it has become core to a reset of Beijing’s trade contract with the world.
No longer enjoying a ‘population dividend’, the PRC is ageing. Raising the retirement age has been debated for over a decade; the Party’s Third Plenum Resolution (July 2024) foreshadowed raising it on a ‘flexible and voluntary’ basis.