National planning has long been central to PRC governance and its policy cycle, yielding both economic policy and political legitimacy. No mere technocratic exercise, it creates protocols through which the Party signals priorities, balances state and market roles, and adapts to shifting domestic and global pressure.
Making over the corporate landscape is on the cards as Beijing 'rejuvenates the nation'. Guidelines have dropped to make firms more competitive, yet aligned with (Chinese-style) socialist principles. The measures merge Party leadership, operational efficiency, and scoring officials on both innovation and social responsibility.
Setting sights on long-term growth, Beijing views the services sector as a ‘multiplier’. Services exports support goods trade and value-added jobs in the slowing labour market; imports help bring in tech know-how and market discipline.
Agriculture will be a new feature in Beijing’s upcoming 2035 NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions), expected ahead of COP30 in Belém. Among the most sensitive sectors to decarbonise, negotiations at the COP will be tough, above all for Global South nations. Controls on agriculture risk impacting their food security, incomes and rural livelihoods.